This is not the first book I have owned or read by Ole G. Mouritsen and Klavs Styrbaek. (The first was focused on umami -- and I bought this one because the one so delighted me. I thought I reviewed it on the blog, but cannot locate any such thing. Hence, this review has the TITLE OF THE BOOK IN THE REVIEW, bibliochef, you dunce. That way there is a small chance you can find it again some day. I may not even have reviewed the book on umami, given this item which I COULD find -- so I will comment on it here as well.)
The title this time? Mouthfeel: How Texture Makes Taste.
The secondary title this time: Umami: Unlocking the Secrets of the Fifth Taste
But I will discuss them in the order I encountered them!
The translator? Mariela Johansen who also tweaked the book for the relevant make, and is the translator for both of the books discussed herein.
The publisher? Columbia University Press, in their series Arts and Traditions of the Table: Perspectives in Culinary History. Again, true for both books.
Mouthfeel is, like Umami, a beautiful book. It has a lovely cover -- black with visuals of an oyster, a piece of fried chicken (a drumstick) with a bite taken from it, a piece of watermelon similarly bitten, an apple (also bitten -- are you seeing a theme?), sushi, a macaron, a burger, a popsicle, and I think a bit of egg with chives and crispy bacon on it. The Mouth -- and the Feel -- are, I suppose, implied by the visuals with the bits taken from the individual, attractive, food items.In some ways, this cover is like -- and unlike the cover to Umami which also depicted various food items. In the more recent case, the background is black and the food tidbits appear against the background. In the case of Umami the visuals are presented as interconnected boxes. Both books are nice hardbacks, both, to coin a phrase possibly, have good "book feel" (by which, of course, I mean they feel good to the hand, look good to the eye, smell good, and thus have good "book feel.) The photography, layout and design for at least one of the two was undertaken by Jonas Drotner Mouritsen, and in at least one case support was provided by the Danish Arts Foundation. d
On the authors (again of both books): Mouritsen is "Director of the Danish Center for Taste and the Center for Biomembrane Physics" at the University of Southern Denmark with several books to his credit. Added to his bio on the newer book: Mouritsen is president of the Danish Gastronomical Academy. Styrbaek is a chef, and has been for 20 plus years, and is described on the back of Umami as having owned and run "the highly regarded Restaurant Kvaegtorvet (the Cattle Market) in Odense, Denmark" and as a "passionate advocate for the renewal of classical Danish cuisine." who runs an experimental restaurant and chef school. (If you have Danish, click here for info on the restaurant.) The newer book notes that he, with his wife!, runs the "gastronomical innovation project STYRBAEKS, incorporating an experimental restaurant and a chefs' school." I have a feeling that the Danish site referenced earlier can enlighten those who have Danish. I don't so am hoping for help in the comments!
Ok, now on to reflections on the actual books themselves.
Let's start with Umami. The book is a terrific, in depth review of both what umami is and its relation to the other four tastes (sour sweet, salty, bitter). And, it reviews various sources for umami in three categories: seaweeds/fish/shellfish; fungi and plants; meat/eggs/dairy. These sections are followed by the best titled section of a book ever: soup is umami. And, then, Mouritsen and Styrbaek turn their attention to the various topics associated with umami. Here are a few things I learned:
Not only are there more than four tastes, there might be 7 or five or. . .
The relation of umami to MSG (and salt) (and the so-called chinese restaurant syndrome) is not so complex but it is fascinating. Let's begin with Chinese restaurant syndrome. Turns out, in 1968, a letter to the editor appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine pointing to a "strange syndrome" experienced after eating in, you guessed it, a Chinese restaurant. Yep, same thing as MSG-symptom complex. And, while many people claim to experience it, scientific evidence now shows that no more than "102 -ercent of the population, who think that suffer from . . . [the syndrome]" experience it. Basically: no health hazard here. (See especially pp. 32-33). This is connected to MSG -- which is a glucamate salt and. . .. glutamate introduces umami into the taste of various foods. As such, it is a flavor additive -- or, in various synergistic ways, exists in foods that we experience as having certain tastes. (You may, if you are my age and American remember all this as Accent.) This is way too little, but suffices to tell you that this book is worth reading for its readable and, more importantly, comprehensible, presentation of information about both the molecular structure of MSG and related phenomena, their history, and their impact upon taste.
Umami and the famous (or infamous) fish sauce of the ancient world not to mention the fish sauce I regularly buy for Thai and other cooking are not unrelated. If you have cooked fish, killed fish, made dashi or consumed it, used kombu, you have encountered and, likely, manipulated your eating experience by manipulating umami related experiences. Perhaps the most straightforward its the use of fish sauce -- which has a history in various cultures including those noted here: ancient Rome and Greece, and various Asian cuisines that use fish sauces. That unique smell that simultaneously makes me drool and makes me turn my head away? Yep. Umami related.
Some tidbits about bacon, blue cheese, and . . . which boils down to the notion that one of the reasons Iike them so much: umami. Nuff said.
Things I am leaving out: beer; why umami satisfies the appetite; the history of Bovril; and umami for the sick and aging population. And again, to reduce this to a few words: umami appears in more places than you might expect as a core to why things taste good.
As, finally, a side note: the book contains multiple recipes and they are worth a read and perhaps making. And, the glossary is incredibly helpful too. Do you know what chemesthesis is? You should, and you can find out in the glossary to this book.
On to the second book. Mouthfeel is also, like Umami, an interesting blend of science and art/humanistic reflection. As is the case with Umami, rem subtitle points us to the main point of both books: taste. IN this case, the issue is: how is texture related to taste? The opening of this particular book raises a whole series of questions -- and that is part of what I like about Mouritsen and Styrbaek -- they are curious and they pursue that curiosity together. As they do so in their books, they both fulfill one's curiosity, raise questions I have never thought of, and actually encourage the arrival of questions they do not address. In this case, of course, they begin with the question of what mouthfeel is and its connections to why we are -- or are not -- attracted to various foodstuffs. What is kind of dandy at the outset is the ay they discuss the relation of anatomy to taste -- including things like astringency and sensory confusion. They then move to the ways molecules in our food connect to the neurology of taste and to the "physical properties of food: form, structure, and texture." It is the latter which connects, of course, to mouthfeel.
Chapters 5 and 6 offer kind of an experimental approach to mouthfeel, including recipes and eventually, in chapter 7, the ways our enjoyment (or, I admit it, our disgust) is connected to texture. The book is really engaging in many ways, including but not only:
the notion that heat (both literal and figurative) affects our enjoyment of foods
the role of fats
how sauces are related to mouthfeel and thus can enhance our eating (duh, I guess, but I loved the reading about it)
why perishability is related to mouthfeel (the yuckiness of that slime in the back of your refrigerator that you discover when you finally empty the darn thing because you are moving and you cannot even imagine what that container originally contained).
Perhaps the best bit is a subtitle: "Food and Taste Adventurousness" -- something I discover sometimes in books like this one, and more often with friends.
Again, terrific recipes -- including pig tail confit, nod moritmoto's 22-step recipe for a perfect duck breast -- and glossary. And, yes, both books have amazing bibliographies. All in all, not only great bookfeel, but great reading and learning.
For info on the book on Umami, click here. And just because I am feeling vaguely cosmopolitan today, click here for reviews of both books from the Japan Times.